Tap Changer In Distribution Transformer

A distribution transformer is an essential component of the power distribution system. It is responsible for transmitting the electrical energy generated at the power plant to the local power distribution network. Distribution transformers are installed near the consumers or users of electrical power, and their primary function is to transform the high voltage supplied by the power grid to a lower voltage level suitable for domestic and commercial consumption. One essential part of the distribution transformer that enables it to function optimally is the tap changer.

A tap changer is a device that connects to the transformer's secondary winding and is responsible for adjusting the transformer's output voltage. It is used to regulate the voltage at the consumer's end. Tap changers come in different designs and configurations, but the most commonly used one is the on-load tap changer (OLTC).

The OLTC has the advantage of providing real-time adjustments to the transformer's voltage output without disconnecting the transformer from the network. The OLTC has a motor-driven mechanism that adjusts the number of turns on the transformer's secondary winding, changing the voltage output. The OLTC is often used in distribution transformers because it's more efficient and costs less than other types of tap changers.

Another essential type of tap changer is the off-load tap changer (OLTC). Unlike the OLTC, this tap changer requires the transformer to be disconnected from the network before any adjustments can be made. The OLTC is often used in transformers with small power ratings because of their lower level of precision.

In summary, tap changers enable distribution transformers to provide safe and efficient power supply to consumers. The OLTC is the most commonly used type of tap changer in distribution transformers and offers real-time voltage adjustment. The off-load tap changer, on the other hand, is less efficient, less costly, and used in small transformers. As technology improves, it's safe to expect the development of better and more efficient tap changers to optimize the performance of distribution transformers further.