Efficiency Of Distribution Transformer
1、Definition of Transformer Efficiency
Transformer efficiency refers to the ratio of output power to input power of a transformer, and can also be referred to as the efficiency of transformer energy transmission. Simply put, it refers to the proportion of energy lost by a transformer during energy transmission to the input. Usually expressed as a percentage, the formula is as follows:
Transformer efficiency = (output power ÷ input power) × 100%
Among them, output power refers to the secondary current of the transformer multiplied by the secondary voltage, which is the output electrical power; Input power refers to the main current of a transformer multiplied by the main voltage, which is the input electrical power.
2、How to Calculate Transformer Efficiency
In order to calculate the efficiency of a transformer, it is necessary to know the input power and output power of the transformer. The input power of a transformer can be obtained by measuring the input voltage and current, while the output power requires measuring the output voltage and current. The specific calculation process is as follows:
1. Measure the main current and voltage to obtain the input electrical power
Main stage current (input current) =Main stage voltage ÷ Main stage impedance
Input power=primary current × Main voltage
2. Measure the secondary current and voltage to obtain the output electrical power
Secondary current (output current) =secondary voltage ÷ secondary impedance
Output power=secondary current × Secondary voltage
3. Calculate the efficiency of the transformer
Transformer efficiency=output power ÷ input power × 100%
3、 Factors affecting transformer efficiency
The efficiency of a transformer depends on its design and actual operation. The following are important factors that affect transformer efficiency:
1. Design of Transformer
The structure and parameter settings of a transformer can affect its efficiency, such as the iron core material, winding design, and insulation material of the transformer.
2. Load rate of transformer
The higher the load rate of the transformer, the more energy will be lost and the efficiency will be lower; At low load rates, the efficiency of the transformer will be relatively high.
3. Temperature rise of transformer
When the transformer generates more heat, it needs to dissipate heat, consume more energy, and the efficiency will also decrease.
4. Line resistance and transmission distance
Long wire and cable transmission distances can also lead to reduced efficiency.
In short, to improve the efficiency of transformers, it is necessary to start with design, operation, and maintenance, reasonably select transformer parameters, improve load rate, control temperature rise and resistance factors, and enhance energy transmission efficiency.
