How Does A Power Transformer Work

A power transformer works on the principle of electromagnetic induction. It consists of two coils of wire or windings, known as the primary winding and the secondary winding, which are wound around a laminated iron core. The primary winding receives the electrical energy from the power source, which creates a magnetic field around the core. This magnetic field then induces a voltage in the secondary winding, which is connected to the load or the device it is meant to power. The voltage in the secondary winding can be stepped up or stepped down from the voltage level of the primary winding, depending on the number of turns in each winding. Step-up transformers have more turns in the secondary winding than in the primary winding, while step-down transformers have fewer turns in the secondary winding. This process of stepping up or stepping down the voltage allows for efficient transmission of electricity over long distances and is essential for the functioning of the electrical power grid.