Power Transformer Accessories
Power transformers are one of the most important components in the electric power system. They play a crucial role in transmitting electrical energy from one voltage level to another. To ensure the safe and efficient operation of power transformers, it is essential to pay attention to the accessories that are used with them.
Here are some of the most common power transformer accessories:
1. Transformer Oil
Transformer oil is used as a coolant and insulating material in power transformers. It serves two main purposes; firstly it helps in cooling the transformer by conducting heat away from the core, and secondly, it provides electrical insulation between different parts of the transformer.
It is important to maintain the quality of transformer oil, which can deteriorate over time. Regular testing of transformer oil, along with proper maintenance, is essential to extend the transformer's life and ensure reliable operation.
2. Transformer Bushings
Transformer bushings help in extending the high voltage leads from the transformer to the external circuits. They are responsible for establishing a low impedance path for the current to flow while preventing any damage to the transformer.
Transformer bushings are made of porcelain, oil impregnated paper, or composite material. They are subjected to high voltage stresses and must be chosen according to the voltage level of the transformer.
3. Tap changers
Tap changers are used to adjust the output voltage of the transformer to the desired level. They are used during load changes or as a means of voltage regulation.
Tap changers can be mechanical or electronic, and they come in either on-load or off-load versions. It is important to choose the right type of tap changer according to the transformer's voltage and capacity rating.
4. Surge Arresters
Surge arresters are devices used to protect the transformer from high voltage surges caused by lightning strikes or switching surges in the power system. They act as a short circuit path for the surge current, preventing it from reaching the transformer.
Surge arresters are typically installed at the high-voltage side of the transformer to protect it from high voltage transients.
5. Buchholz Relay
The Buchholz relay is a device that detects faults such as internal faults, transformer oil leaks, or air pockets in the transformer. It is installed in the transformer's oil-filled tank and works on the principle of gas formation due to internal faults.
The Buchholz relay is a crucial accessory, which can help in identifying the faults early on and ensuring timely maintenance of the transformer.
In conclusion, power transformer accessories play a vital role in ensuring the safety and reliability of the transformer. It is important to choose the right accessories based on the transformer's voltage, capacity, and application. Regular maintenance and testing of these accessories are also essential to extend the transformer's life and ensure reliable operation.
