How Does A Step Down Transformer Work？

Working principle of step down transformer

The working principle of the transformer is "Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction", that is, "when the magnetic flux connected to the circuit changes, the electromotive force induced in the circuit is proportional to the rate of change of the magnetic flux". The transmission action in the transformer is done by the mutual induction between the windings. The number of turns of the primary winding and the secondary winding respectively determines the electromotive force induced between the two windings, and this ratio is called the turns ratio. But do you know what determines the step down transformer's step-down capability? It depends on the turns ratio of the primary and secondary coils. The magnetic flux in the transformer secondary coil is still less compared to the primary coil because the number of windings in the secondary coil is also less than the number of windings in the primary coil. Therefore, the EMF induced in the secondary coil will be smaller, which ultimately reduces the voltage at the secondary winding, rather than the primary winding.

Please have a look at the formula for designing a step down transformer

Ns/Np=Vs/Vp

Ns=Number of turns of the secondary winding

Np=Number of turns of primary winding

Vs=secondary winding voltage

Vp=primary winding voltage

But remember, for the transformer to work as a "step-down transformer", the number of turns in the secondary winding must always be less than the number of turns in the primary winding of the transformer, ie Np>Ns.

Application of Step Down Transformer

Suitable for different types of industrial applications, such as metal processing equipment, elevators, production lines, medical equipment, construction equipment, etc.